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Questions

Python 3 is the latest version of the language, designed to be more efficient and consistent than Python 2. It introduces syntax changes, better Unicode support, and improvements in various libraries. Python 2 is now considered legacy and is no longer actively maintained.

Python uses automatic memory management through a mechanism known as garbage collection. The memory manager handles the allocation and deallocation of memory, and the programmer does not need to explicitly manage memory.

Both lists and tuples are used to store collections of items. However, lists are mutable (can be modified after creation), while tuples are immutable (cannot be modified). Tuples use parentheses, and lists use square brackets.

Sets are unordered collections of unique elements, and dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs. The main difference is that sets contain only values, while dictionaries contain key-value pairs.

The __init__ method is a special method in Python classes used for initializing object attributes. It is called automatically when an object is created from the class and allows you to set default values for attributes.

Answer: Exceptions are handled using a try, except block. Code that might raise an exception is placed within the try block, and the handling code is placed in the except block. This ensures that the program doesn't terminate abruptly when an exception occurs.

NumPy is a library for numerical operations in Python. It provides support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. NumPy is widely used in scientific and data analysis applications.

Flask and Django are web frameworks for Python. Flask is a lightweight, micro-framework that provides flexibility and allows developers to choose components. Django, on the other hand, is a full-stack framework with built-in features like an ORM, admin interface, and authentication. Flask is often preferred for small to medium-sized projects, while Django is suitable for larger, more complex projects.

The GIL is a mutex (lock) that protects access to Python objects, preventing multiple threads from executing Python bytecodes at once. This can limit the parallel execution of threads in multi-core systems, impacting the performance of CPU-bound and multithreaded programs.

A decorator is a function that takes another function as an argument and extends or modifies the behavior of the latter function. Decorators are often used to add functionality to functions or methods, such as logging, authentication, or memoization.

PEP 8 is the official style guide for Python code. It provides recommendations on how to format code for readability and consistency. Adhering to PEP 8 ensures that code is more maintainable and easier for others to understand.

Dependencies are typically managed using tools like pip and virtual environments. Pip is used to install and manage Python packages, and virtual environments isolate project dependencies, ensuring that each project can have its own set of packages without interfering with others.